With increased precision, speed of service and reduced cost, 3D printing presents an opportunity to transform traditional healthcare and its delivery, and radiology is at the center of this new technology. In the ECR 2019 Special Focus Session “The 3D printing lab from bench to bedside”, the speakers emphasized that 3D printing does not only enable a new and innovative way to display imaging, but it also contributes to patient care and allows radiologists to offer clinical value to their medical and surgical colleagues.

With 3D printing, the radiological workflow is changing dramatically, as it is moving from the traditional stepwise referral-report approach to a totally different device-oriented process, said Assoc. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Franz Kainberger, deputy chief of the Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology at the University Hospital Vienna. He therefore expressed the need for radiologists to define the role of 3D printing into their field. “This is a crucial topic of our work in the near future: if we want to include 3D printing into our daily work, we have to be aware that it is not the real image interpretation or diagnosis report in radiology. What we want to use is a printed diagnosis,” he said. “Especially in non-standardized procedure. That’s the real added value of some 3D models.” According to Kainberger, 3D printing should be regarded as a holistic approach that substantially influences the personalization of imaging diagnostics with a prognostic, a preventive and a participatory impact.

A 3D printing lab in radiology

3D印刷的左右的乳腺癌和肝内胆汁浇注液中的左右大型扩张胆道系统的可视化。

资料来源：大学医院巴塞尔的Philipp Brantner / 3D印刷实验室

“新利18官方3D打印正在增加出版物数量越来越多的出版物，在手术计划，医疗器械和植入物，组织工程和教育的开发领域的行业和研究中的兴趣，”医学中心副教授弗朗西斯科莫斯科州维也纳医科大学物理与生物医学工程。

但是3D打印的魔力是什么，是什么让它变得革命性？新利18官方Moscato问了观众。“它基本上从数字模型中脱离了一个物理模型。它是突破性的，因为它允许在相对简单的过程中产生几何复杂和准确的模型，“他说。“关键工作原理是自动控制的材料层沉积。”

Moscato继续列出临床环境中的3D打印实验室的活动范围：新利18官方

• 手术和介入程序规划
• Creating models for training and simulation, but also functional models, e.g. for the cardiovascular field where you can get information about patient-specific fluid flow profiles
• Developing medical devices or improving existing ones
• Producing phantoms for clinical imaging optimization

Moscato解释说，创建3D打印实验室涉及组合和协调来自不同技术和新利18官方临床学科的知识的挑战，例如参考医师，放射科医师和工程师，同时保证严格遵守医疗规定。

Moscato继续解释3D打印的铁法：“你的3D模型不能比你的医学形象更好”。新利18官方通常，图像质量应尽可能高，但根据他，存在相互矛盾的观点和权衡：

Clinical:

• 减少患者负担：较低的辐射剂量和扫描时间
• Lower image quality often sufficient for clinical diagnosis
• Human skills compensate for lower image quality

3D printing:

• 预期用途的最佳图像需要高辐射剂量和扫描时间
• 较低的图像质量通常会导致差3D模型
• 算法补偿的快速发展，但仍远非人类技能。

支持与3D打印的外科医生新利18官方

Intraoperative view of an hybrid cranioplasty implant in situ.

Source: Philip Brantner

据大学医院巴塞尔3D印刷实验室的联合主任Philipp Brantner博士，3D打印正在成为手术工作流程的越来越相关的一部分。新利18官方在他的讲座中，Brantner推出了三个主要概念，3D打印可以帮助外科医生：新利18官方
First, anatomical models help the surgeon to visualize complex or invisible structures and help summarize the abundance of image data. They can help the surgeon to improve anatomical understanding in complex situations and provide data for virtual and augmented reality systems. Second, virtual surgery uses imaging data to create patient-specific jigs and to prepare guides as well as patient-specific implants. Third, training models and simulators: Provide tools to educate residents to become more proficient in common procedures while helping experienced surgeons to simulate high-risk interventions.

在未来放射学的展望中，Brantner预测放射科医生“将面临着非常不同的工作方式。”他表示，由于其参与几乎所有临床学科，放射学完全定位以将3D印刷掺入临床日志中，“3D打印可以为我们创建的图像增加更多价值。”新利18官方

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